Beyond borders and screens in China: L2 motivation, digital literacy, and virtual intercultural experience in GenAI-mediated informal digital learning of English

Article
Beyond borders and screens in China: L2 motivation, digital literacy, and virtual intercultural experience in GenAI-mediated informal digital learning of English

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Authors: Zou, Minlin; Li, Meiqi; He, Xueyun
Volume: Volume 30 Number 1, 2026
Date Issued: 2026-04-06
Keywords: Informal Digital Learning of English (IDLE), generative artificial intelligence (GenAI), L2 motivation, digital literacy, virtual intercultural experience (VIE)
Publisher: University of Hawaii National Foreign Language Resource Center; Center for Language & Technology
DOI: https://doi.org/10.64152/10125/73673
PDF: 30_01_10125-73673.pdf
Citation: Zou, M. M., Li, M., & He, X. (2026). Beyond borders and screens in China: L2 motivation, digital literacy, and virtual intercultural experience in GenAI-mediated informal digital learning of English. Language Learning & Technology, 30(1), 1–29. https://doi.org/10.64152/10125/73673
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